UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA 

COLLEGE   OF    AGRICULTURE 

AGRICULTURAL    EXPERIMENT   STATION 

BERKELEY,  CALIFORNIA 

CIRCULAR  303 
February,  1926 

A  PROMISING  REMEDY  FOR  BLACK 
MEASLES  OF  THE  VINE 

L.  O.  BONNET 


The  name  "Black  Measles"  is  one  of  several  given  to  a  disease  or 
a  group  of  diseases  of  the  vine  widely  distributed  in  the  grape  growing 
districts  of  California  and  in  the  aggregate  causing  much  loss  to  the 
growers.  Of  the  other  names,  "Black  Mildew"  and  "Spanish 
Measles"  are  the  most  common. 

The  trouble  has  been  known  in  California  for  many  years  and 
has  been  variously  ascribed  to  attacks  of  fungous  or  other  parasitic 
organisms  and  to  various  soil,  water  and  cultural  conditions,  or  to 
combinations  of  these  factors.  Among  the  causes  other  than  para- 
sites that  have  been  suggested  are  rising  water  table,  alkali — especially 
common  salt — in  the  subsoil,  lack  of  soil  moisture,  and  overbearing. 
Remedies  based  on  these  suggestions  such  as  shorter  pruning,  changes 
in  irrigation  and  drainage  have  been  tried  by  grape  growers  and, 
while  fairly  effective  in  some  cases,  they  have  done  little  or  no  good 
in  many.  Spraying  with  Bordeaux  has  been  frequently  tried,  but 
the  results  have  usually  been  unsatisfactory. 

SYMPTOMS 

The  most  noticeable  gross  symptoms  of  this  and  related  vine 
troubles  are  shown  by  the  leaves,  canes  and  fruit.  The  most  char- 
acteristic symptom  of  the  form  or  forms  known  as  Black  Measles,  and 
that  to  which  the  name  is  due,  is  a  spotting  of  the  berries,  usually 
most  noticeable  at  the  time  of  ripening.  The  symptoms  of  the  form 
of  Black  Measles  to  which  this  circular  refers  are  as  follows: 

Leaves. — The  leaves  show  large,  sinuous,  dead  leaf  areas,  sur- 
rounded by  a  dark  reddish  margin  in  varieties  with  black  fruit,  and 
with  a  yellowish  one  in  those  with  white  or  red  fruit.  Later  the  dead 
areas  crack  and  give  the  leaves  a  ragged  appearance.     (Fig.  1.)     The 


Z  UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT    STATION 

uppermost  leaves  are  first  affected  and  the  disease  seems  to  progress 
downwards.  This  symptom  accounts  for  the  name  "Top  disease" 
used  in  the  Santa  Clara  Valley. 


Fig.  1. — Carignane  shoot  showing  typical  dead  leaf  areas. 

Shoots. — Affected  shoots  dry  up  partially  or  entirely.  In  the 
former  case,  the  upper  part  turns  brown,  while  the  basal  part 
remains  almost  normal  except  dor  a  few  reddish  lines  along  the  inter- 
nodes. 


Circ.  303] 


A  REMEDY  FOR  BLACK  MEASLES  OF  THE  VINE 


Fruit. — In  severe  eases,  the  attack  appears  in  early  summer  and 
the  berries  shrivel,  turn  rapidly  from  green  to  reddish  brown  and 
finally  dry  to  skin  and  seed.  (Fig.  2.)  In  milder  cases,  the  attack 
appears  later  and  the  berries  show  the  disease  as  they  commence  to 
ripen.  In  these  cases,  the  skin,  especially  of  white  varieties,  shows 
round,  dark  spots  bordered  by  a  brownish  or  purplish  ring.     (Fig.  3.) 


Fig.   2. — Petite  Sirah  shoot  almost  bare  of  leaves  with  dried  upper  portions  of 

shoots  and  dried  bunches. 


OBSERVATIONS    AND    STUDIES    IN    NORTHERN    CALIFORNIA 

The  similarity  of  these  symptoms  to  those  of  a  disease  known  in 
France  and  Algeria  as  "Apoplexy  of  the  vine"  indicates  that  the 
two  diseases  are  probably  identical.  Apoplexy  is  generally  believed 
in  France  to  be  due  to  the  decay  of  the  wood  of  the  trunk  caused  by 
the  attack  of  a  wood  destroying  fungus  obtaining  access  to  the  interior 
of  the  vine  through  large  pruning  wounds  or  imperfect  graft  unions. 
A  spray  containing  soluble  arsenic  has  been  found  very  effective  in 
controlling  Apoplexy  in  European  vineyards. 


4  UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA— EXPERIMENT    STATION 

The  trunk  in  over  forty  cases  which  I  examined  during  this 
investigation  showed  in  the  crown  or  head  a  mass  of  varying  size 
ot  soft,  spongy,  yellowish,  decayed  wood.     (Pigs.  4  and  5.) 


Pig.  S.-Diseaaed  Rish  Baba  bund,  showing  spotting  of  berries  characteristic  of 

Black  Measles. 


The  .similarities  suggested  the  use  of  a  soluble  arsenical  such  as 
had  given  excellent  results  in  Europe.  Accordingly,  in  cooperation 
with  several  growers  and  county  farm  advisors,  the  following 
experiments  were  made. 


•CIRC.   303]  A  REMEDY  FOR  BLACK  MEASLES  OF  THE  VINE 


Fig.   4. — Longitudinal  section  of  a   Sultanina  trunk  showing  decayed  wood. 


b  UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT    STATION 

SPRAYING   EXPERIMENTS 

The  method  of  control  tested  was  to  spray  or  swab  affected  and 
presumably  susceptible  vines  within  a  short  time  after  pruning  with 
a  spray  containing  a  soluble  arsenite. 

Trial  1. — This  was  conducted  near  Madison  in  cooperation  with 
W.  D.  Norton,  County  Farm  Advisor  of  Yolo  County,  and  W.  A. 
Stites,  owner  of  the  vineyard. 


Fig.  5. — Longitudinal  and  cross  section  of  a  grafted  vine  with  imperfect  union, 
showing   decay   at   and    above   the  union. 


A  square  plot  of  100  Carignane  vines  showing  about  8  per  cent 
of  affected  vines  was  sprayed  on  January  23,  1924,  shortly  after 
pruning,  with  a  spray  of  2  pounds  sodium  arsenite  in  50  gallons 
water.  (See  formula  No.  1,  p.  10.)  Repeated  observations  during  the 
following  growing  season  by  Mr.  Norton  and  myself  failed  to  reveal 
any  affected  vines  in  the  sprayed  area,  though  there  were  many 
affected  vines  just  outside  the  plot. 


ClRC.   303]  A  REMEDY  FOR  BLACK  MEASLES  OF  THE  VINE  7 

After  the  harvest  of  1924,  several  affected  vines  were  marked  in 
the  vicinity  of  the  treated  plot.  On  March  2,  1925,  the  plot  was 
treated  again  with  the  same  spray,  and  also  the  marked  vines  outside 
the  plot.  During  the  growing  season  of  1925,  no  sprayed  vines  showed 
any  symptoms  of  the  disease  though  many  were  found  in  the 
unsprayed  portion  of  the  vineyard. 

The  result  then  of  two  years'  winter  spraying  in  the  Madison 
vineyard  was  that  in  a  block  of  100  sprayed  Carignane  vines,  of 
which  8  per  cent  were  visibly  diseased  before  spraying,  no  diseased 
vine  was  found  during  the  ensuing  two  seasons,  and  that  a  number 
of  marked  isolated  diseased  vines  which  were  sprayed  in  1924  showed 
no  symptoms  of  disease  in  1925. 

Trial  2. — This  test  was  made  in  Vineyard  No.  1  at  the  University 
Farm  at  Davis  on  two  rows  of  Dizmar  and  one  of  Muscat.  The  dis- 
tribution of  the  diseased  vines  and. of  the  spraying  is  shown  by  the 
following  diagram. 

Row  25 A    Muscat 

Row  24  .  B D  .  .  .- Dizmar 

Row  23 C Dizmar 


In  1924  three  of  the  48  Dizmar  and  one  of  the  24  Muscat  vines  A, 
B,  C,  and  D,  showed  symptoms  of  Black  Measles.  Each  dot  repre- 
sents a  vine  and  the  underlining  shows  the  vines  which  were  treated. 

The  spray  was  applied  on  March  12,  1925,  about  a  month  after 
pruning.  It  consisted  of  3  pounds  of  sodium  arsenite  in  50  gallons 
of  water.  (See  formula  2,  p.  10.)  During  the  season  of  1925,  no  new 
cases  of  the  disease  appeared  in  the  three  rows  and  the  vines  A,  B, 
and  C,  which  had  been  sprayed,  appeared  healthy.  Vine  D,  however, 
which  had  not  been  sprayed,  showed  the  same  symptoms  of  disease 
that  it  had  shown  in  1924. 

Trial  3. — This  test  was  carried  out  by  C.  S.  Myszka,  County  Farm 
Advisor  of  Mendocino  County,  on  the  vineyard  of  Fred  Waugh  near 
Ukiah.  The  spray  solution  used  was  made  by  dissolving  2%  pounds 
of  white  arsenic  and  4%  pounds  of  washing  soda  in  50  gallons  of 
water.  (See  formula,  3,  p.  10.)  The  remedy  was  applied  by 
thoroughly  swabbing  the  spurs,  arms  and  trunks  of  a  row  of  32 
Zinfandel  vines,  on  March  12,  1925.  A  similar  adjoining  row  of  32 
vines  was  used  as  a  check.  Eleven  diseased  vines  were  found  on  the 
untreated  row  in  1925,  but  none  on  the  treated. 

Trial  4. — This  test  was  also  carried  out  by  C.  S.  Myszka,  and  the 
same  spray  solution  used.     The  vines  were  Petit  Bouschet  in  the 


8  UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA EXPERIMENT    STATION 

vineyard  of  J.  Lee  Smith  in  Redwood  Valley.  The  spray  was  applied 
by  means  of  a  pressure  pump.  On  60  sprayed  vines,  no  case  of  the 
disease  occurred,  while  3  occurred  on  20  vines  left  untreated  for  a 
check. 

Trial  5. — Tests  were  made  in  cooperation  with  J.  Willis  Adriance, 
County  Farm  Advisor  of  San  Joaquin  County,  on  Zinfandel  vines  in 
the  vineyards  of  E.  H.  Fink,  Jr.,  of  the  Bruella  Center,  and  of  Charles 
Knudsen  of  the  Lockport  Center.  Vines  which  had  been  marked 
as  diseased  in  1924,  some  having  been  marked  also  in  1923,  were 
treated  in  March,  1925.  A  sodium  arsenite  solution  of  the  same 
composition  (3:50)  as  that  used  at  Davis  (see  formula  2,  p.  10)  was 
applied  to  the  affected  vines  by  swabbing. 

During  the  growing  season,  the  vines  were  watched  until  harvest, 
but  not  a  single  treated  vine  in  either  place  showed  a  trace  of  the 
disease,  while  other  vines  in  the  same  vinej^ards  were  affected 
noticeably. 

CONCLUSIONS 

These  observations  and  tests  indicate  strongly  that  the  common 
form  of  the  "Black  Measles"  of  the  vine  as  this  term  is  generally 
applied  in  the  Sacramento  Valley  and  the  coast  region  is  identical  or 
very  closely  allied  to  the  disease  known  as  "Apoplexy"  in  European 
vineyards,  and  that  it  responds  to  the  arsenical  spray  which  is  the 
most  approved  remedy  in  France  and  Algeria  for  this  disease. 

Until  this  remedy  has  been  more  generally  tested  in  California, 
however,  it  should  be  used  experimentally,  especially  in  regions  other 
than  those  where  these  tests  were  made.  In  some  cases  of  disease 
showing  symptoms  similar  to  those  of  Black  Measles,  the  causes  may 
be  different  but  the  remedy  should  be  tried.  After  experiments  have 
shown  in  any  particular  vineyard  that  the  remedy  is  effective,  it  may 
profitably  be  used  generally  in  that  vineyard.  In  making  trials, 
the  use  of  checks  is  strongly  urged.  A  suitable  way  of  making  checks 
would  be  to  spray  alternate  rows  or  blocks  of  vines  in  vineyards  where 
the  diseased  vines  are  numerous,  or  to  swab  marked  diseased  vines  in 
alternate  rows  in  vineyards  where  they  are  much  scattered. 


ClRC.   303]  A  REMEDY  FOR  BLACK  MEASLES  OF  THE  VINE 


METHOD    OF    TREATMENT 

In  the  above  experiments  whether  the  3-50  formula  (No.  2),  of 
3  pounds  of  sodium  arsenite  in  50  gallons  of  water,  or  the  2-50 
formula  (No.  1)  was  used,  no  sprayed  vine  showed  any  signs  of 
the  disease  after  treatment.  Of  these  two  formulae,  the  stronger 
should  be  given  the  preference  as  probably  more  effective.  No  poison- 
ous effect  on  the  vine  was  observed  to  follow  the  use  of  either  formula. 
Furthermore,  it  is  possible  that  the  stronger  solution  will  produce 
more  lasting  results.     This  point  needs  further  investigation. 

The  cost  of  the  spray  is  small,  the  arsenic  and  its  soluble  com- 
pounds not  being  costly.  In  small  vineyards  or  where  there  are  very 
few  affected  vines,  the  solution  can  be  applied  most  economically  by 
swabbing  all  the  pruning  wounds,  recent  or  old,  especially  those  on 
the  old  wood.  In  large  vineyards  or  where  many  vines  are  affected, 
the  spray  method  is  more  economical.  It  is  advisable  to  delay  a  few 
days  after  pruning  before  applying  the  treatment,  though  in  our 
experiments  no  ill  effects  resulted  from  spraying  shortly  after 
pruning. 

CAUTIONS 

Stronger  solutions  than  those  recommended  here  should  not  be 
used,  as  solutions  containing  1.5  per  cent  of  arsenic  have  been  known 
to  injure  the  vines. 

Finally,  it  must  be  kept  in  mind  that  the  spray  solution  is 
extremely  poisonous  to  human  beings  as  well  as  to  animals  and  every 
precaution  must  be  taken  to  prevent  accidental  ingestion  of  this 
poison.  As  a  constant  reminder  to  those  handling  the  solution,  it  is  a 
good  precaution  to  add  a  little  fuchsin  to  the  solution  to  give  it  a 
reddish  color.  The  spray  should  be  applied  only  during  the  dormancy 
of  the  vines,  that  is  to  say  between  the  15th  of  December  and  the  end 
of  March  for  most  regions. 


10  UNIVERSITY    OF    CALIFORNIA — EXPERIMENT    STATION 

FORMULAE    OF    SOLUTIONS    USED 

Formula  I 

Sodium  arsenite,  2  pounds;  water,  50  gallons. 

Formula  II 

Sodium  arsenite,  3  pounds;  water,  50  gallons. 
When  the  sodium  arsenite  is  not  obtainable  at  the  stores,  the  3-50 
formula  can  be  replaced  by  the  following: 
Formula  III 

(a)  2^4  pounds  of  white  arsenic  (arsenic  trioxide). 

(b)  4%  pounds  of  washing  soda. 

Put  the  arsenic  in  1  gallon  of  water  in  an  iron  kettle,  heat  and 
pour  the  washing  soda  dissolved  in  about  two  gallons  of  water  slowly 
into  (a).  Boil  the  mixture  for  about  twenty  minutes  and  make  up 
to  50  gallons  of  spray  with  water. 

Formula  IV 

(a)  2y^  pounds  of  white  arsenic  (arsenic  trioxide). 
(&)  1%  pounds  of  soda  lye. 
Put  the  arsenic  in  1  gallon  of  water,  dissolve  the  lye  in  another 
gallon  of  water  and  pour  (b)  into  (a)  while  stirring,  until  all  the 
arsenic  is  dissolved.  Make  up  to  50  gallons  of  mixture  with  water. 
A  stock  solution  can  be  prepared  if  it  is  advisable.  Little  or  no 
heating  is  necessary. 

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 

It  is  a  pleasure  for  the  writer  to  express  his  deep  appreciation  of 
the  valuable  assistance  rendered  by  Messrs.  W.  D.  Norton,  C.  S. 
Myszka,  J.  Willis  Adriance,  Farm  Advisors,  in  the  carrying  out  of 
the  spraying  experiments,  and  of  that  of  all  the  grape  growers  who 
kindly  offered  the  plots  for  experimentation. 

REFERENCES 

Ravaz,  L. 

Le  Folletage.     Prog.  Agr.  and  Vit.,  21:633.     1901. 

Sur  l'Apoplexie  de  la  Vigne.     Prog.  Agr.  and  Vit.,  45:574-579.     1909. 

Encore  l'Apoplexie  de  la  Vigne.     Prog.  Agr.  and  Vit.,  53:601-803.     1919. 
Viala,  P. 

Rapport  de  Mission  sur  le  Vignoble  grec.    Librairie  J.  B.  Bailliere,  Paris. 
Vinet,  E. 

L'Apoplexie  de  la  Vigne  en  Anjou.  Rev.  Vit.,  835:673-681,  figs.  1-3.  1909. 
Lafon,  R.  Poussard. 

L'Apoplexie.     1:65-93,  1921,  figs.  7.     Imprimerie  Roumegous  et  Dehan,  Mont- 
pellier. 
Gard,  M. 

L'Apoplexie  de  la  vigne.     Extrait  des  An.  Soc.  d'Agr.  de  la  Gironde.     Fev., 
1923. 


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BULLETINS 


No.  No. 

253.   Irrigation    and   Soil   Conditions   in  the  363. 

Sierra   Nevada   Foothills,    California. 

261.  Melaxuma    of    the    Walnut,     "Juglans  364. 

regia." 

262.  Citrus   Diseases   of   Florida   and   Cuba  365. 

Compared  with   Those  of  California.  366 

263.  Size   Grades   for  Ripe   Olives. 

268.   Growing  and  Grafting  Olive  Seedlings.  367, 

273.  Preliminary  Report  on  Kearney  Vine- 
yard  Experimental    Drain.  368 

275.  The     Cultivation     of     Belladonna     in 

California.  369, 

2  76.  The  Pomegranate. 

277.  Sudan    Grass.  370. 

278.  Grain    Sorghums.  371' 

279.  Irrigation   of  Rice   in   California. 

280.  Irrigation    of    Alfalfa    in    the    Sacra-  372. 

mento  Valley. 
283.   The   Olive  Insects  of  California.  3  73. 

285.   The  Milk   Goat  in   California.  3  74. 

294.  Bean   Culture  in   California. 
304.  A  Study  of  the  Effects  of  Freezes  on 

Citrus    in    California.  375. 

310.  Plum    Pollination. 

312.  Mariout   Barley.  376. 

313.  Pruning      Young      Deciduous      Fruit 

Trees.  377. 

319.   Caprifigs    and   Caprification.  379. 

324.  Storage  of   Perishable  Fruit  at  Freez-  380. 

ing  Temperatures. 

325.  Rice     Irrigation     Measurements     and  381. 

Experiments    in    Sacramento    Valley, 
1914-1919.  382. 

328.   Prune   Growing   in   California. 

331.   Phylloxera-Resistant    Stocks.  383. 

334.  Preliminary    Volume    Tables    for    Sec- 

ond-Growth Redwood.  384. 

335.  Cocoanut   Meal    as    a    Feed   for   Dairy 

Cows   and   Other   Livestock. 

339.  The    Relative    Cost    of    Making    Logs 

from   Small   and  Large  Timber.  385. 

340.  Control     of     the     Pocket     Gopher     in  386. 

California. 

343.  Cheese    Pests    and    Their    Control.  387. 

344.  Cold    Storage   as   an   Aid  to   the   Mar-  388. 

keting  of  Plums. 

346.  Almond    Pollination.  389. 

347.  The  Control  of  Red  Spiders  in  Deeid-  39o! 

uous  Orchards. 

348.  Pruning  Young  Olive  Trees.  391. 

349.  A     Study    of    Sidedraft    and    Tractor 

Hitches.  392. 

350.  Agriculture      in      Cut-over      Redwood  394. 

Lands. 

352.  Further  Experiments  in  Plum  Pollina-  395. 

tion.  396. 

353.  Bovine   Infectious   Abortion. 

354.  Results  of  Rice  Experiments  in   1922.  397. 

357.  A    Self-mixing    Dusting    Machine    for 

Applying      Dry      Insecticides       and  398. 

Fungicides.  399. 

358.  Black    Measles,     Water    Berries,     and 

Related  Vine  Troubles. 

359.  Fruit   Beverage   Investigations.  400. 

361.  Preliminary   Yield   Tables    for    Second 

Growth   Redwood. 

362.  Dust  and  the  Tractor   Engine. 


The  Pruning  of  Citrus  Trees  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

Fungicidal  Dusts  for  the  Control  of 
Bunt. 

Avocado  Culture  in  California. 

Turkish  Tobacco  Culture,  Curing  and 
Marketing. 

Methods  of  Harvesting  and  Irrigation 
in   Relation   of   Mouldy  Walnuts. 

Bacterial  Decomposition  of  Olives  dur- 
ing  Pickling. 

Comparison  of  Woods  for  Butter 
Boxes. 

Browning  of  Yellow  Newtown  Apples. 

The  Relative  Cost  of  Yarding  Small 
and   Large   Timber. 

The  Cost  of  Producing  Market  Milk  and 
Butterfat  on  246  California  Dairies. 

Pear    Pollination. 

A  Survey  of  Orchard  Practices  in  the 
Citrus  Industry  of  Southern  Cali- 
fornia. 

Results  of  Rice  Experiments  at  Cor- 
tena,    1923. 

Sun-Drying  and  Dehydration  of  Wal- 
nuts. 

The   Cold   Storage   of   Pears. 

Walnut   Culture   in   California. 

Growth  of  Eucalyptus  in  California 
Plantations. 

Growing  and  Handling  Asparagus 
Crowns. 

Pumping  for  Drainage  in  the  San 
Joaquin   Valley,    California. 

Monilia  Blossom  Blight  (Brown  Rot) 
of  Apricot. 

A  Study  of  the  Relative  Values  of  Cer- 
tain Succulent  Feeds  and  Alfalfa 
Meal  as  Sources  of  Vitamin  A  for 
Poultry. 

Pollination    of   the    Sweet    Cherry. 

Pruning  Bearing  Deciduous  Fruit 
Trees. 

Fig   Smut. 

The  Principles  and  Practice  of  Sun- 
drying  Fruit. 

Berseem  or   Egyptian   Clover. 

Harvesting  and  Packing  Grapes  in 
California. 

Machines  for  Coating  Seed  Wheat  with 
Copper    Carbonate    Dust. 

Fruit    Juice    Concentrates. 

Cereal  Hay  Production  in  California. 
Feeding  Trials  with  Cereal  Hay. 

Bark   Diseases   of   Citrus  Trees. 

The  Mat  Bean  (Phaseolus  aconilifo- 
lius). 

Manufacture  of  Roquefort  Type  Cheese 
from   Goat's   Milk. 

Orchard  Heating  in  California. 

The  Blackberry  Mite,  the  Cause  of 
Redberry  Disease  of  the  Himalaya 
Blackberry,    and    its    Control. 

The  Utilization  of  Surplus  Plums. 


No. 

87.  Alfalfa, 
113.    Correspondence  Courses  in  Agriculture. 
117.  The    Selection    and    Cost    of    a    Small 

Pumping  Plant. 
127.  House   Fumigation. 
129.  The   Control  of  Citrus   Insects. 
136.  Melilotus    indica    as    a    Green-Manure 
Crop  for  California. 


CIRCULARS 
No. 
144. 


151. 
152. 


155. 


Oidium  or  Powdery  Mildew  of  the 
Vine. 

Feeding  and   Management  of   Hogs. 

Some  Observations  on  the  Bulk  Hand- 
ling  of    Grain    in    California, 

Irrigation  Practice  in  Growing  Small 
Fruit    in    California. 

Bovine  Tuberculosis. 


CIRCULARS — (Continued) 


No. 

157. 

160. 

164. 

166. 

167. 

170. 

173. 

178. 
179. 

184. 
190. 
199. 
202. 

203. 
209. 
210. 
212. 
214. 

215. 
217. 

220. 

228. 
230. 

231. 
232. 

233. 
234. 

235. 

236. 


237. 

238. 
239. 

240. 

241. 

242. 
243. 

244. 

245. 
247. 
248. 

249. 
250. 

251. 


252. 
253 
254. 

255 


Control  of  the  Pear   Scab. 

Lettuce  Growing  in  California. 

Small  Fruit  Culture  in  California. 

The   County  Farm  Bureau. 

Feeding    Stuffs   of   Minor   Importance. 

Fertilizing  California  Soils  for  the 
1918   Crop. 

The  Construction  of  the  Wood-Hoop 
Silo. 

The   Packing  of  Apples  in  California. 

Factors  of  Importance  in  Producing 
Milk  of  Low  Bacterial   Count. 

A   Flock   of    Sheep   on  the   Farm. 

Agriculture  Clubs  in   California. 

Onion    Growing  in    California. 

County  Organizations  for  Rural  Fire 
Control. 

Peat   as   a   Manure   Substitute. 

The  Function  of  the  Farm  Bureau. 

Suggestions  to  the  Settler  in  California. 

Salvaging    Rain-Damaged    Prunes. 

Seed  Treatment  for  the  Prevention  of 
Cereal  Smuts. 

Feeding  Dairy  Cows  in  California. 

Methods  for  Marketing  Vegetables  in 
California. 

Unfermented   Fruit   Juices. 

Vineyard  Irrigation  in  Arid  Climates. 

Testing  Milk,  Cream,  and  Skim  Milk 
for  Butterfat. 

The    Home    Vineyard. 

Harvesting  and  Handling  California 
Cherries    for    Eastern    Shipment. 

Artificial   Incubation. 

Winter  Injury  to  Young  Walnut  Trees 
during  1921-22. 

Soil  Analysis  and  Soil  and  Plant 
Inter-relations. 

The  Common  Hawks  and  Owls  of 
California  from  the  Standpoint  of 
the  Rancher. 

Directions  for  the  Tanning  and  Dress- 
ing of  Furs. 

The  Apricot  in  California. 

Harvesting  and  Handling  Apricots 
and  Plums  for  Eastern  Shipment. 

Harvesting  and  Handling  Pears  for 
Eastern   Shipment. 

Harvesting  and  Handling  Peaches  for 
Eastern   Shipment. 

Poultry  Feeding. 

Marmalade  Juice  and  Jelly  Juice  from 
Citrus  Fruits. 

Central  Wire  Bracing  for  Fruit  Trees. 

Vine   Pruning   Systems. 

Colonization    and   Rural   Development. 
Some    Common    Errors    in   Vine  Prun- 
ing and  Their  Remedies. 

Replacing    Missing    Vines. 

Measurement   of    Irrigation   Water   on 

the  Farm. 
Recommendations  Concerning  the  Com- 
mon    Diseases      and      Parasites     of 
Poultry  in   California. 
Supports  for  Vines. 

Vineyard  Plans. 

The  Use  of  Artificial  Light  to  Increase 

Winter    Egg   Production. 
Leguminous   Plants  as   Organic  Fertil- 
izer   in    California    Agriculture. 


No. 

256. 

257. 

258. 

259. 

260. 

261. 
262. 
263. 
264. 

265. 
266. 

267. 

268. 

269. 
270. 
271. 
272. 

273. 

274. 

275. 

276. 

277. 

278. 
279. 
281, 


282. 

283. 

284. 
285. 
286. 
287. 
288. 
289. 
290. 
291. 

292. 
293. 
294. 
295. 

296. 

297. 

298, 

299, 
300 
301 

302 
303. 


The    Control   of  Wild   Morning   Glory. 

The  Small-Seeded  Horse  Bean. 

Thinning   Deciduous   Fruits. 

Pear  By-products. 

A  Selected  List  of  References  Relating 
to  Irrigation  in  California. 

Sewing  Grain  Sacks. 

Cabbage   Growing  in  California. 

Tomato  Production  in  California. 

Preliminary  Essentials  to  Bovine 
Tuberculosis  Control. 

Plant   Disease   and   Pest   Control. 

Analyzing  the  Citrus  Orchard  by 
Means   of    Simple   Tree   Records. 

The  Tendency  of  Tractors  to  Rise  in 
Front;    Causes   and   Remedies. 

Inexpensive  Labor-saving  Poultry  Ap- 
pliances. 

An   Orchard  Brush  Burner. 

A  Farm  Septic  Tank. 

Brooding    Chicks    Artificially. 

California  Farm  Tenancy  and  Methods 
of  Leasing. 

Saving  the   Gophered   Citrus  Tree. 

Fusarium  Wilt  of  Tomato  and  its  Con- 
trol by  Means  of  Resistant  Varieties. 

Marketable  California  Decorative 
Greens. 

Home   Canning. 

Head,  Cane,  and  Cordon  Pruning  of 
Vines. 

Olive  Pickling  in  Mediterranean  Coun- 
tries. 

The  Preparation  and  Refining  of  Olive 
Oil   in    Southern   Europe. 

The  Results  of  a  Survey  to  Determine 
the  Cost  of  Producing  Beef  in  Cali- 
fornia. 

Prevention  of  Insect  Attack  on  Stored 
Grain. 

Fertilizing  Citrus  Trees  in  California. 

The  Almond   in   California/ 

Sweet  Potato  Production  in  California. 

Milk  Houses  for  California  Dairies. 

Potato   Production   in   California. 

Phylloxera  Resistant  Vineyards. 

Oak  Fungus  in  Orchard  Trees. 

The  Tangier  Pea. 

Blackhead  and  Other  Causes  of  Loss 
of  Turkeys  in   California. 

Alkali   Soils. 

The    Basis    of    Grape    Standardization. 

Propagation   of   Deciduous   Fruits. 

The  Growing  and  Handling  of  Head 
Lettuce  in   California. 

Control  of  the  California  Ground 
Squirrel. 

A  Survey  of  Beekeeping  in  California ; 
The  Honeybee  as  a  Pollinizer. 

The  Possibilities  and  Limitations  of 
Cooperative   Marketing. 

Poultry   Breeding   Records. 

Coccidiosis  of  Chickens. 

Buckeye  Poisoning  of  the  Honey  Bee. 

The   Sugar   Beet   in   California. 
A  Promising  Remedy  for  Black  Measles 
of  the  Vine. 


The  publications  listed  above  may  be  had  by  addressing 

College  of  Agriculture, 

University  of  California, 

Berkeley,  California. 

10m-2,'26 


